But there is often asymmetric information: buyers cannot tell which cars are lemons, but, of course, sellers know. Robert holds an associate's degree. Many years later, Janet, George, and their son, Robby, watched a Japanese movie called Big Joys, Small Sorrows by director Keisuke Kinoshita. In 1977, Yellen was working as a research economist for the Federal Reserve Board of Governors. He was 37. PERSONAL INFORMATION Date of birth: June 16, 1981, Citizenship: United States FORTHCOMING AND PUBLISHED PAPERS "The Nature of Tournaments" with Richard Holden (forthcoming, Economic Theory) This paper characterizes the optimal way for a principal to structure a rank-order tournament in a moral hazard setting (as in Lazear and Rosen (1981)). Akerlof R, Holden R. Movers and Shakers. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Type/Page>> His research primarily focuses on sociology and economics. His mother came from an academic family and studied chemistry in graduate school at Yale. Even women who would be willing to bear children out-of-wedlock could demand a promise of marriage in the event of pregnancy. Men were willing to make (and keep) that promise for they knew that in leaving one woman they would be unlikely to find another who would not make the same demand. The authors state that recent research now supports the concept of animal spirits much more robustly than Keynes was able to, and they express the hope that fellow economists can be convinced of this, thus reducing the internecine disputes that prevent their discipline from providing the clear support that politicians need for the aggressive action required to fix the 20082009 economic crises. Yet, men hold 90% of executive positions at organizations that set standards for the emerging metaverse, according to a McKinsey report released Monday. In 1984, that rate was 56 percent; by the late 1980s it was 66 percent. While it is difficult to unite individuals in a common endeavor, some people, whom we call "movers . 24 0 obj 2023 Fortune Media IP Limited. Even if my brothers choice were not over-riding for my decision, I would probably have heeded the assistant principal of Lawrenceville, who admonished me that I should not wreck my life by even thinking about going to Harvard instead. Instead, policy measures to make fathers pay to support their out-of-wedlock children would not only directly contribute to the well-being of children, but also tax men for fathering such children, thereby offsetting at least partially the change in terms between fathers and mothers. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Type/Page>> This fascinating work uses economics to explain real-life issues, such as real estate price cycles, to key policy problems, such as the relationship between inflation and . "Anger and Enforcement," Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, June 2016, 110-24. The list of its authors can be seen in its historicaland/or the page Edithistory:Robert Akerlof. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj Get Morning Report and other email newsletters. After graduating from Yale in 1962 with a bachelors degree in economics. Akerlofs bio noted that his research is based in economics, but it often draws from other disciplines, including psychology, anthropology, and sociology.. [10], Last edited on 27 February 2023, at 17:43, Financial Times and Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year Award, "Disputations: Our New Theory Of Macroeconomics", "Disputations: A Case of Misrepresentation", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal_Spirits_(book)&oldid=1141940939, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 17:43. [2] The authors responded to Posner's criticisms in an article published a few weeks later in the same periodical. Why did it not change as dramatically as the others? Since 1969, however, the tradition of shotgun marriage has seriously eroded (see table 1 for the trend from 1965 through 1984). Its leader, Arthur . Liberals have tended to favor the explanation offered by William Julius Wilson. Robert Akerlof is Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Warwick. 31 He graduated from Yale in 2003 with a BA in economics and in 2005 with a masters. 30 0 obj on Sunday. J_J!'rt)!bN+/[gI +8ZSJv/@ASJwjc\c+E w;5IQ. Former Neiman Marcus Group president and CEO. He is the son of George Akerlof and Janet Yellen. In 1970 there were about 400,000 out-of-wedlock births out of 3.7 million total births (see table 1). '?'am:N,yVN6hLTa lND55: Akerlof, like his wife, is a renowned professional in the economics fields. At a Brookings panel in April 2011, Akerlof said hed never seen anything like the more than 45 percent of the unemployed who had been jobless for more than six months, a share that has since slipped to a still-high 37 percent. - To the lower courts. Indeed, the technology shock theory explains not only the increase in the out-of-wedlock birth rate, but also related changes in family structure and sexual practice, such as the sharp decline in the number of children put up for adoption. The policy implications of the increase in out-of-wedlock births are staggering. A study by Robert Moffitt in 1992 also found that welfare benefits can account for only a small fraction of the rise in the out-of-wedlock birth ratio. Yellen and Akerlof tied the knot in June 1978, less than a year after meeting. Before 1970, the stigma of unwed motherhood was so great that few women were willing to bear children outside of marriage. He currently is an associate professor of economics at the University of Warwick, which is located in Coventry, England. wedding venues blue mountains; dolphin dream weddings; dunkirk observer weddings; selena sister wedding; giambattista valli wedding; michael sheehan fair city wedding; Menu. endobj In debating ideas with her husband, seemingly any assumption of how the economy functioned was ripe for debate. His parents got married in June 1978 after a year of their dating relationship. [19] [20] [21] They have one child, a son named Robert, who was born in 1981. Publications. In an autobiographical essay for the Nobel Foundation, Akerloff explained the external forces dictating his choice of school: Regarding college, I had no choice. Powered by. If we have learned any policy lesson well over the past 25 years, it is that for children living in single-parent homes, the odds of living in poverty are great. For two reasons. But I consider many to be dangerous drivers: To avoid the oncoming traffic of inflation, they drive on the far edge of the road, keeping inflation too low and unemployment too high.. Finally, if the technology shock theory does explain the rise in single motherhood, cuts in welfare as currently proposed would only further immiserize the victims. Downloads 61. He received his BA from Yale in economics and mathematics, and his PhD from Harvard. Efforts by social scientists to explain the rise in out-of-wedlock births have so far been unconvincing, though several theories have a wide popular following. He explained their whirlwind romance to the Nobel Foundation: We liked each other immediately. He had already achieved some measure of fame for his 1970 paper The Market for Lemons. In it, Akerlof demonstrated through used cars the economic problems caused when a seller has more information than a would-be buyer does. George Akerlof is a Nobel prizewinner, Robert Shiller teaches at Yale and is the author of Irrational Exuberance, which should give you an idea of this one's approach. Today they are supported and embraced in their decision to give birth, keep their babies, continue their education, and participate in school activities. From the late 1960s to the late 1980s, the number of births per unmarried woman roughly doubled for whites, but fell by 5-10 percent for Blacks. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. 2015-03-08T17:23:09.000-04:00 In addition, the decreasing stigma of out-of-wedlock childbirth reinforced the technology-driven causes for the decline in shotgun marriage and increased retention of out-of-wedlock children. Akerlof and Yellens love story began in a cafeteria at the Federal Reserve. It was an insight, in part, that led to his sharing a Nobel prize decades later. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Type/Page>> They together have a child, a son named Robert Akerlof.. Robert at present teaches at the University of Warwick. He later became a faculty member at Yale but was never offered tenure. 10 Facts On Janet Yellen's Son", article "Robert Akerlof" is from Wikipedia, Jeffrey Cooper (Write-In Presidential Candidate), https://en.everybodywiki.com/index.php?title=Robert_Akerlof&oldid=1308252. Robert Akerlof is an American Economist, son of Janet Yellen's and George Akerlof. Since out-of-wedlock childbearing no longer results in social ostracism, literally and figuratively, shotgun marriage no longer occurs at the point of the shotgun. His wife currently serves as the United States Secretary of the Treasury.. Robert Akerlof Personal Website Contact details Telephone: +44 (0)24 765 23423 Email: R.Akerlof@warwick.ac.uk Room: S0.77 Advice and feedback hours: Sign up here. 2015-03-08T17:23:09.000-04:00 D.C., DC. The authors argue that the effects of animal spirits make a strong case for affirmative action. As the Mercury News reported in 2014, Akerlof and Yellens real-life search for a good babysitter inspired a 1990 paper about how low wages contribute to unemployment and a workers job performance. According to the Washington Post, Yellen accepted the job after she was denied tenure at Harvard University, where she taught from 1971 to 1976. She would sit at favorite restaurants while drafting economic papers. Economics and Beyond with Rob Johnson, a podcast featuring interviews with some of the worlds most important thinkers, artists, and activists about the pressing issues of our time. When she worked with Akerlof, the two drew upon each others differing strengths, according to colleagues and former students. By Folashad Soul and Camilla Toulmin, Video Getty UC Berkeley professor George Akerlof, co-winner of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Economics, on October 10, 2001, on the campus in Berkeley, CA. 133 0 obj University of Warwick - Department of Economics. They state that an effective response to the current economic crises must take into account the effects of animal spirits. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Type/Page>> Chapter 4 presents evidence that, in contrast to monetarist theory, many people are at least partially under the money illusion, the tendency for people to ignore the effects of inflation. x\Y~_`>Il0 MHdHyudlAg.V}UX_]7$n Zf7v{stsx*mwvJ}vbvNn>_G6a6_g#wzf+&i_ 0;N'{ Ll[V_mHo7vQ;! The Nature of Tournaments (with Richard Holden), Economic Theory, 51(2), 2012, 289-313. endobj Its leader, Arthur Burns, was on his way out the door. |>zE~^_z!>_v0#JY(7^Hdbct7[8rnBi #'Fwn{t|p \; 9`)0V uG|~H0^tMWA' >.vCr@`+.$,Hpwx(4VaFv#6z(O_T"g:xL?/qV0}p)IQO}>#{ ?kpK04uV_fkO /|;FG%b5)Db3@Gk[,`--'>B=Uwq8yIC2xQ14K f`|hlbG}?>D[-vP,ei|W7,cdeySy|f3; iA-S$1OYXe}81\Qj-E^}^$pJMK jT!PvM00~"w@3(Mhf6gL7H7f4D9xD! He accepted positions at the Brookings Institution and, now, as a scholar in residence at the International Monetary Fund. He and Yellen first crossed paths in the Feds cafeteria during the fall of 1977 and it didnt take long for sparks to fly. But rates kept too low for too long risk causing sharp price spikes that could disrupt the economy. He graduated from Yale in 2003 with a BA in economics and in 2005 with a masters. Robert Akerlof endobj She attended Yale for graduate school and that is where she met Gosta Akerlof. We decided to get married hastily, not only because we had so little doubt about each other, but also for practical reasons. %PDF-1.4 % "The Importance of Legitimacy,"World Bank Economic Review, 30(S), 2017, 157-165. She thinks clearly and has a lot of common sense, said Andrew Rose, an economist who collaborated with them at the University of California, Berkeley. Robert Akerlof, economics professor at the University of Warwick, discusses his research into issues of self-esteem and values and how such a focus can greatly improve efforts to make sense of economic activity. This exclusive excerpt recounts how the pair met. This exclusive excerpt recounts how the pair met. Akerlof and Yellen have one child together. Social Mobility Memos \x2P` TT0stEjn6&l1Ic2DhdDQY.eUY@=b=8@4ChVK How well do the data fit the theory? Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the Economy, and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism (2009) is a book written to promote the understanding of the role played by emotions in influencing economic decision making.According to the authors, economists have tended to de-emphasize the importance of emotional factors, as the effects of emotions are difficult to model and quantify. Akerlof was born on June 17, 1940, to Gosta and Rosalie Akerlof and spent his early years in New Haven, Connecticut. endobj The fraction of unmarried women rose about 30 percent for whites, about 40 percent for Blacks. [Online Supplement], Layoffs and Productivity at a Bangladeshi Sweater Factory (with Anik Ashraf, Rocco Macchiavello, and Atonu Rabbani), "Ruling the Roost: The Vicious Circle and the Emergence of Pecking Order" (with Hongyi Li and Jonathan Yeo), previous version titled "Lords and Vassals". Fostering greatness in each step: We nurtures talent. Yellen is married to Nobel laureate George Akerlof, who teaches economics at U.C. Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the Economy, and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism (2009) is a book written to promote the understanding of the role played by emotions in influencing economic decision making. | endobj If the shotgun marriage rate had remained steady from 1965 to 1990, white out-of-wedlock births would have risen only 25 percent as much as they have. Every year one million more children are born into fatherless families. The five key animal spirits are treated here, each assigned their own chapter. Today they put only a few up for adoption because the stigma of unwed motherhood has declined. We could not subscribe you to our newsletter at this moment. Akerlof explained that his ancestry on his mothers side could be traced back to Germany and that the family was Jewish. Even if it were, it would almost surely be counterproductive. Dear Abby: I have a great life, so why have I fallen into this shameful behavior? Facebook gives people the power. , 35(3), 2019, 489-512. Not only have U.S. poverty rates stayed stubbornly constant over the intervening 25 years, but also poor families have seen their lot worsen as huge increases in single-parent families more and more headed by unmarried mothers have led to the feminization of poverty in America. When she first joined the Feds board nearly 20 years ago, Yellen feared that UC Berkeley might let her go and her colleagues might forget her. My brother had gone to Yale. Yellen: The Trailblazing Economist Who Navigated an Era of Upheaval, the most powerful woman in U.S. economic policymaking history. endobj 80 0 obj Because Blacks on average have lower incomes than whites, they are more affected by changes in welfare benefits. endobj 124 0 obj Pence, who staunchly opposes abortion, revealed in a new book that he and his wife underwent IVF multiple times. AHEAD appointed Kristin Supancich as chief people officer. (previously titled Network Capital,, Anik Ashraf, Rocco Macchiavello, and Atonu Rabbani), "Narratives and the Economics of the Family", Layoffs and Productivity at a Bangladeshi Sweater Factory, "Ruling the Roost: The Vicious Circle and the Emergence of Pecking Order", "Network Externalities and Market Dominance", EC208 Industrial Economics I: Market Structure. We have found that this sudden increase in the availability of both abortion and contraceptionwe call it a reproductive technology shockis deeply implicated in the increase in out-of-wedlock births. Super-low borrowing rates are intended to drive spending, growth and hiring. A primer on elementary and secondary education in the United States, George A. Akerlof, Janet L. Yelln, and Michael L. Katz, An Analysis of Out-of-Wedlock Childbearing in the United States, Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 1996. Click to reveal Prior to joining Warwick, he was a postdoctoral research associate at MIT Sloan School of Management. This article "Robert Akerlof" is from Wikipedia. Please let us know if you agree to functional, advertising and performance cookies. Featuring Robert Akerlof He is an Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Warwick. He shared the prize with fellow economists A. Michael Spence of Stanford University and Joseph E. Stiglitz of Columbia University. These women feared, correctly, that if they refused sexual relations, they risked losing their partners. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>> They returned to California in August 1980, where Akerlof was still on the faculty at UC Berkeley. By 1990 the rates were 64 percent for Black infants, 18 percent for whites. Your IP: <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Type/Page>> (previously titled "Network Capital," CEPR Discussion Paper 11763, January 2017.) Unlike the other statistics we have mentioned, the shotgun marriage rate itself underwent only gradual change following the early 1970s. All Rights Reserved, Paper FundamentalVR appointed Erin Kullgren as vice president of growth, Michelle Halsne as vice president of sales, Maayan Wenderow as vice president of marketing, and Dottie Barrett as vice president of strategic data commercialization. Prior to joining Warwick, he was a postdoctoral fellow at MIT Sloan School of Management. GettyPresident George W. Bush congratulates Nobel Laureate Dr. George Akerlof (L) during a ceremony honoring the 2001 US Nobel Laureates on November 27, 2001. All Access Digital offer for just 99 cents! In the late 1960s and very early 1970s (well before Roe v. Wade in January 1973) many major states, including New York and California, liberalized their abortion laws. According to his profile on the school website, Akerlof earned full professor status in 1978. ScanSoft PDF Create! <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Type/Page>> In 1965, 24 percent of Black infants and 3.1 percent of white infants were born to single mothers. [6] His father worked as a chemist at Yale and Akerlofs older brother also attended. The podcast is also available on all major podcasting platforms, such as Apple, Spotify, Google, and Podbean. Many men have changed their attitudes regarding the responsibility for unplanned pregnancies. The first is that shotgun marriage was an accepted social convention and, as such, it changed slowly. They repeatedly stress the need for decisive action targeted at restoring credit flows, and that the overall stimulus from the government needs to be much larger than would otherwise be the case due to very low levels of confidence about short and medium term economic prospects. Former Vice President Mike Pence voiced his support for legal protections for fertility treatments during an interview with Face the Nation on Sunday. There wasnt no choice. Fed watchers usually classify this perspective as dovish a willingness to keep pumping cash into the economy at a pace that could alarm inflation hawks. Still, Akerlofs former students said this classification underplays the depth and independence of his analysis. The timing of the changes also seems, at least crudely, to the theory. In 35 years of marriage, Yellen and George Akerlof have partnered on groundbreaking research on everything from the collapse of East Germany to out-of-wedlock births to the way generous pay for a baby sitter shows how wages motivate workers. "'We Thinking' and its Consequences,"American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, May 2016, 415-19. 154 0 obj Although some would be willing to sell their own cars at the price that buyers of high-quality used cars would be willing to pay, they are not willing to sell at the lower price that reflects the risk that the buyer may end up with a lemon. Women who were willing to get an abortion or who reliably used contraception no longer found it necessary to condition sexual relations on a promise of marriage in the event of pregnancy. - Marriage of the minds. The case will go to trial in a federal court in Alexandria, Va. the first American woman to officiate at a men's World Cup on Monday. The Supreme Court on Monday declined to hear an appeal from a Virginia school board arguing it shouldnt be held liable for a female students alleged sexual assault by a classmate while on a band trip. Getty Economist George Akerlof (L), husband of Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen, listens during an annual Womens History Month reception honoring Yellen on March 25, 2014 on Capitol Hill. It was automatic that we wouldnt go anyplace where she didnt have a job she was happy with, Akerlof said. Video Janet saw his point and did the most impetuous thing in her life: she agreed to marry the man. Rosalie also studied chemistry. endobj George had already been through one hasty marriage that ended in failure, but he had no hesitation when he met Janet. endobj Chapter 10 is about why people don't consider the future rationally in their decisions about savings. The kitchen table will do just fine. Akerlof had left the University of California at Berkeley when his promotion was rejected. Federal poverty warriors appeared to be gaining ground, and decisions by state courts regarding abortion and by state legislatures regarding the availability of contraception seemed to be giving poor families the tools to control the number and the timing of their children. The committee summarized Akerlofs contribution: Studied markets where sellers of products have more information than buyers about product quality. Luis Rayo. As far as he was concerned, Yellens career would stand on equal ground with his own. Offers may be subject to change without notice. Therefore, a buyer knows that there is some probability that the car he buys will be a lemon and is willing to pay less than he would pay if he were certain that he was buying a high-quality car. Akerlof explained that he worked on the Yale Daily News for two years as he decided whether to pursue a career in economics or history. His father, Gosta Akerlof, immigrated from Sweden for a postdoctoral degree in chemistry from the University of Pennsylvania. The custom was succinctly stated by one San Francisco resident in the late 1960s: If a girl gets pregnant you married her. {\kKr[R/{CCu!Jp@YF36dt*sspb2RqUor(t{Z;J(xVxG1ZsrCG|uCT3`Pn=1NRFE This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. Robert Akerlof is Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Warwick and a research affiliate of the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR). EC9B8 Topics in Advanced Economic Theory (Term 1, MRes/PhD), EC208 Industrial Economics I: Market Structure (Term 1, Undergraduate), EC135 Topics in Applied Economics (Term 2, Undergraduate), Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom. After an evening at Georges messy townhouse and Janets first meeting with Sweetie, Georges half-pitbull, half-Dalmation rescue dog known for urinating on a carpet at the Fed, the pair were smitten. as vice president of strategic data commercialization. In 1969, mothers of out-of-wedlock children who had not married after three years kept only 28 percent of those children. But women who wanted children, who objected to abortion for moral or religious reasons, or who were unreliable in their use of contraception found themselves pressured to participate in premarital sexual relations without being able to exact a promise of marriage in case of pregnancy. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Type/Page>> <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Type/Page>> <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>> Email: R dot Akerlof at warwick dot ac dot uk. He is married to Janet Yellen, who is also an economist. FORTUNE may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website. Their own joys and sorrows, their own family and friends, all grew out of that. We show how an organization's choice of story can be forma. SSRN Electronic Journal [Internet]. This is the web version ofThe Broadsheet, a daily newsletter for and about theworldsmost powerful women. Robert Akerlof is an American Economist, son of Janet Yellen's and George Akerlof. Terms & Conditions. -m:V[Q$8g{y~*+@5O[SozcJ Browse all INET content organized by topic. Interviews, presentations and video series with provocative economic thinkers, public figures and students. %EIBOH~^cts9 T=/Rrsa_rQN[&qZAi7dzGeeXl*=Ba&xN.+R^uguNLTQte~|(B\$#s&|a5;wden>}$r;4{-I)X {Swa#1~E c01mWl>KV\rp+)LwLH]C|:dOoSTd#QyqI ["b44U.}~CZheZ5n4] Our e-mail newsletter shares new events, courses, articles, and will keep you updated on our initiatives. Robert J Akerlof. In many ways, Janet and George were opposites. Their purpose, as they saw it, was a larger journey as stewards for the economy. endobj The dream of eliminating poverty, however, has remained unfulfilled. <>stream On Wednesday, she will hold a news conference after the Fed meeting ends. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Type/Page>> He received his BA from Yale in economics and mathematics, and his PhD from Harvard. Kellogg School of Management. He felt he had found his match in her, a woman whose worldview and temperament meshed perfectly with his. Heres what you need to know about Yellens husband: Getty George A. Akerlof, an economics professor at UC Berkley, was awarded the Nobel Prize in economic sciences on October 10, 2001 in Berkley, California. Cambium Learning Group hired Kemi Akinsanya-Rose as chief operating officer. The book asserts that a variety of otherwise puzzling questions can be answered once one allows for the effect that emotional drives, or "animal spirits," have on economic factors. Her husband has been blunter about the possible trade-offs between inflation and job growth. He wrote that he was failing an algebra class before a friend of the family, who was a Princeton mathematician, stepped in to tutor him. He concluded that buyers and sellers alike miss out on better deals when there is a lack of shared information about the quality of the vehicles. Robert's father is George Akerlof. Yellen, too, has been classified as dovish. As Akerlofs collaborator, as a professor and as the Feds vice chair, Yellen has been known for forging consensus. But Robert D. Mare and Christopher Winship have estimated that at most 20 percent of the decline in marriage rates of Blacks between 1960 and 1980 can be explained by decreasing employment. Berkeley; their son Robert, 32, is an economics professor at the University of Warwick in the UK. Rosalies father continued the family tradition of attending UC Berkeley and became a pharmacologist and cardiologist. Yet another popular explanation is that single parenthood has increased since the late 1960s because of the change in attitudes toward sexual behavior. Watching the film, George and Janet came to think of it as a metaphor for the marriage they started together in the late 1970s. -Katy Nesbitt, who became the first American woman to officiate at a men's World Cup on Monday. From a policy perspective, attempts to turn the technology clock back by denying women access to abortion and contraception is probably not possible. More school-based health centers could help. endobj Number of pages: 48 Posted: 28 Sep 2020. In 35 years of marriage, Yellen and George Akerlof have partnered on groundbreaking research on everything from the collapse of East Germany to out-of-wedlock births to the way generous pay for a. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Type/Page>> The two might chew on problems separately, but the degree of communication, respect and a willingness to be playful in thinking distinguished them, Ash said.
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