Goetz, who was convicted on a single weapons charge in the shooting and spent 250 days in jail, blames Cabey for trying to mug him. The four victims said they were panhandling for money to play video games and had asked Goetz for $5. Shirley Cabey, a Bronx widow who quit her job as a mental hospital food service worker to care for her invalid 21-year-old son, Darrell, said in an interview with United Press International . Barry Allen, Darrell Cabey,Troy Canty and James Ramseur. Eight seconds later he lay slumped on the hard bench. Netflix The letters literally added insult to injury: They started after Darrell was shot by subway gunman Bernie Goetz. A Warner Bros. If I had more bullets, I would have shot them all again and again. Here's another one," Goetz cold-bloodedly told Darrell Cabey, leaving the 18-year-old permanently paralyzed. He used to be outgoing. Darrell Cabey is growing old, but he will never grow up. ", In the civil trial, Cabey's attorney, Ron Kuby, hammered on the fact that Goetz had fired four shots, then looked at Cabey and said, "You don't look too bad, here's another" before squeezing off his last round. Initially, a lot of the public saw Goetz as a hero who was defending himself against would-be attackers, especially in light of the prior criminal records three of the four men had. Three of his siblings are good students who have stayed out of trouble, said Allen, who quit the ninth grade and his high school equivalency program a month before the shooting. Mr. Hoffman had summoned Mr. Breslin to recount the interview he had in November 1985 with Darrell Cabey, who was paralyzed by Mr. Goetz's gunshot 12 years ago. The civil suit became a referendum on Goetz's racism. They only indicted him on gun charges one count of criminal possession of a weapon in the third degree, for carrying in public the loaded unlicensed gun used in the subway shooting, and two counts of possession in the fourth degree, for keeping two other unlicensed handguns in his home. But Goetz was "not some cool, calculating racist," the attorney said, just a frightened man. . Oxygen Insider is your all-access pass to never-before-seen content, free digital evidence kits, and much more. Kuby pounded his fist as he called on the jury to send a message. All the officers contended they were acting in self-defense as they believed Diallo was armed. April 23, 1996 They are currently facing murder charges, but weren't arrested for more than two months after a series of local prosecutors declined to pursue the case. Goetz told us in an e-mail, "It sounds like he was depressed.". A $300-million (minimum) gondola to Dodger Stadium? Now, Darrell Cabey cannot tell you the day of the week, the month, or the year, his doctors say. It was a case that wouldn't seem out of place today. But Mr. Goetz's mediated farewells only added to his reputation as an enigma wrapped in a news conference. Check out never-before-seen content, free digital evidence kits, and much more! However, even in light of those statements, the first grand jury refused to indict Goetz on the serious charges of attempted murder, assault, or reckless endangerment. Jurors in cases of self-defense justification are now told to consider whether a hypothetical reasonable person would feel imperiled if that reasonable person were in the defendants situation. On the 35th anniversary of the shooting, Inside Edition took a look back at its impact on New York City, but Goetz declined to comment, saying he was not doing any interviews at this time.. He was sentenced in 1986 for those crimes, and served 25 years behind bars, according to the states Department of Corrections and Community Supervision website. All Rights Reserved. The jury awarded Cabey $18 million in compensatory damages and $25 million in punitive damages. Darrell Cabey, who was awarded $43 million by jury for injuries from being shot by Bernard Goetz in Manhattan subway train in 1984, retains law firm that specializes in debt collection to pursue judgment; Goetz previously filed for bankruptcy but was ordered by pay Cabey (S), US Bankruptcy Court Judge Cornelius Blackshear rules that even though Bernhard H Goetz has filed for bankruptcy protection, he is still liable for $43 million jury award against him for paralyzing Darrell Cabey, one of four youths that he shot on subway train in Dec 1984 (M). * Barry Allen is also incarcerated, serving 3 1/2 to 7 years on a 1991 conviction for robbing a 58-year-old diabetic of $54. They usedGoetz as a poster boy as they advocated for looser gun laws in New York City. After Manhattan District Attorney Robert Morgenthau obtained a new witness, a second grand jury was convened and they indicted Goetz on the more serious charges. He told a neighbor by phone, "I'd rather put a bullet in my head" than go to the police. Bernhard H. Goetz moved to protect his meager assets yesterday, filing for bankruptcy under Chapter 7 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. On Dec. 22, 1984, four black teens approached a white man on a New York City subway train and either asked for or demanded money. The National Rifle Association were among the groups that attempted to brand him as a folk hero. Four black teenagersBarry Allen, Troy Canty, Darrell Cabey and James Ramseurwere in the subway car, traveling from the South Bronx housing project where they lived to a video arcade, where . (Goetz didn't comment to Newsweek on how much of that he's paid.) The case ofBernhard BernieGoetz and his shooting ofTroy Canty, Barry Allen, James Ramseur, and Darrell Cabey is explored in thesecond episode ofTrial By Media a six-episode Netflix docuseries that focuses on highly publicized trialsand how the conversations around them are shaped. New Yorkers were living in an environment in which they had really become accustomed to a high level of crime, some of this due to the crack cocaine epidemic, the economy and the shrinking of the police department.. But in a civil suit, Goetz was ordered to pay $43 million to Cabey, the victim who was left paralyzed after the shooting. But defense attorney Darnay Hoffman said it was Cabey and his friends, not Goetz, who had been looking for trouble. Darrell Cabey, 30, lives with his mother in Bronx public housing. Very hard." "The embarrassment is just going to keep growing over this," Laura Harth, the campaign director at Safeguard Defenders, told Newsweek. Maybe his suicide was a statement, but I haven't figured it out." His spine was severed by a bullet, his lungs were weakened by infection and his brain was deteriorating. He was so still, said Shirley Cabey, a widowed mother of six. The case. He recalled telling the teenager, "You seem all right, here's another," before shooting him again. "Nothing I've got to say is going to make sense," Goetz told the officials, according to video records. Every other day he seemed to give another "exclusive" interview. 2 train in New York City by a white man with an illegally-owned handgun. They boarded a southbound bus near the projects and got off at the 149th Street subway station. He seems to have become an honest person and was working for the caterer. Donate today, Gothamist is funded by sponsors and member donations, James Ramseur, one of the teens shot by "Subway Vigilante" Bernhard Goetz in 1984, died in an apparent suicide 27 years to the day of the Goetz shooting. Total liabilities: about $60 million. Goetz stood up, fired multiple rounds at all of them from the handgun he was legally carrying concealed. Goetz unsuccessfully ran for mayor of New York City in 2001. Goetz says the teens were trying to mug him, so he fired five times at them from his unlicensed Smith & Wesson. Zimmerman also styled himself as a somethingof a vigilante. Why is Frank McCourt really pushing it? Kochs comment was an apparent reference to media reports that say Ramseur died of a drug overdose. Hochul cuts ties with advisor after troubling behavior reported, Deported 20 years ago, Brooklyn mans extraordinary fight to return reaches an end, NYPD deploys tracking technology to curb car thefts, Woman dies at Brooklyn party loft, neighbors say space is a haven for unlicensed parties. Barry Allen, 30, was convicted in 1991 of robbing a 58-year-old diabetic of $54. In 1984, Ramseur, 18, and friends Darrell Cabey, Barry Allen and Troy Canty, all 19, ran across Goetz on a 2 train. During the defense's cross-examination of E. Jean Carroll, Trump's attorney asked the writer why she "did not scream" when she was "supposedly raped.". These days, Goetz lives in the same building near Union Square where he has lived since the shooting and has become an advocate for New York City's squirrel population and for marijuana legalization. If I had more bullets, I would have shot em all again and again. Family, friends and a home attendant help Darrell cope. Goetz declared bankruptcy soon after the rulings. He boarded a No. Other attempts to locate Canty were unsuccessful. Fine, Goetz replied. But relatives persuaded her to get him out. . Allen said the four youths were going to get money off the pinballs the day they encountered Goetz. One of the trials they look at is the case of Bernhard Bernie Goetz, dubbed the subway vigilante in 1984 after his shooting spree on a New York City subway. The first trial, the six-week criminal hearing in 1987, focused on whether Mr. Goetz overreacted after four black teen-agers surrounded him on a downtown No. Cabey, then 19, was the most seriously wounded of the four young men shot by Bernhard Goetz. He served just over eight months behind bars. Since then Goetz has stayed out of the spotlight. Bernhard Goetz, shown in 1996, served just over eight months behind bars. After the shooting, Goetz went on the run for over a week before turning himself in to police. A jury acquitted Goetz of murder and assault charges in the shooting, but convicted him of illegal possession of a weapon. "When I heard it was a subway, I said I was going to get a lot of calls today," he says. ), At Willie Nelson 90, country, rock and rap stars pay tribute, but Willie and Trigger steal the show. Goetztold investigators that he'd bought a gun in Florida and illegally transported it to New York City after he was violently mugged by three teens four years before the subway shooting, and had applied for a New York gun permit as a result but was rejected. On New Year's Eve, in the final hours of 1984, he confessed to police in Concord, New Hampshire. Discovery Company. . James Ramseur, Barry Allen, Troy Canty, and Darrell Cabey were reportedly looking for the time and a few cigarettes. They then allegedly chased him down in a truck and shot him to death, also claiming to have acted in self-defense. My problem was I ran out of bullets.. Because the state's gun buyback program was a success, here are your early links: JFK construction ramps up, weddings at Gracie Mansion, dudes getting perms and more. All rights reserved. In 1982, even the head of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority said he didn't let his teenage son ride the subway at night. "The burden of proof changed drastically," Slotnick says about the Goetz case. The man, who'd been mugged before and would later tellauthorities he felt threatened, almost immediately pulled a handgun out of his jacket and began firing, striking and wounding all four teens. . Goetz, a white man, testified that he felt threatened and thought he was being robbed, and he fired several rounds into the youths. Bernhard 'Bernie' Goetz, the New York subway shooter, On Netflixs new series Trial by Media the creators seek to examine some of the most dramatic and memorable trials in recent history through the lens of the idea that courtroom dramas have increasingly been transformed into a form of entertainment.. Canty and Ramseur later testified that they were just panhandling and had asked Goetz for$5. Serving an 8 1/3- to 25-year sentence in a maximum security jail, his earliest parole date is February, 1995. Heres what you need to know about the case and where he is today. Mrs. Cabey said her son is learning new things all over again. Tucker Carlson out at Fox News, network confirms, St. Petersburg police announce 69 arrests in street racing crackdown, Disney starts 2nd round of layoffs across theme parks, ESPN, Lightning look at Game 4 on home ice as must-win against Maple Leafs, DeSantis starts foreign trip with meetings with Japanese leaders. Web posted at: 5:15 p.m. EDT. Have you ever heard the name Bernie Goetz before? Goetz asked in the June, 1993, session. The jury apparently accepted his lawyer's arguments that Mr. Goetz's statements at the time were the "fantasy" of a "traumatized, sick, psychologically upset individual. Goetz was acquitted of attempted murder in a 1987 criminal trial, but was convicted of illegal weapons possession. NEW YORK (CNN) -- A jury found against gunman Bernhard Goetz Tuesday in the $50 million civil lawsuit filed against him by one of the four young black men he shot in 1984 on a Manhattan subway. He is facing a $43 million judgment after a Bronx civil court's decision last week to hold him liable in the shooting of Darrell Cabey, one of four youths Mr. Goetz said were threatening to rob him in 1984. Dont be so hard, she said. Cabey said the other three teen-agers ultimately tried to rob Goetz because he looked like easy bait. All four are listed as potential prosecution witnesses in the trial. Darrell Cabey, now 30, was left paralyzed and brain-damaged from the shooting. One minute he was sitting on the No. The last blip on his criminal record was a 1990 conviction for shoplifting a home pregnancy kit from a department store; he completed a years probation in Westchester County in 1991. Canty asked Goetz how he was. Diallo'sdeath once again raised racial tensions in New York. On the plus side are a $320 wardrobe, some electronic equipment, a pet chinchilla and guinea pig valued together at $130, and about $500 in cash. A $300-million (minimum) gondola to Dodger Stadium? 2023 New York Public Radio. As the "Trial By Media" episode shows, the teens, who had all been arrested in the past for minor offenses, were almost immediately assumed to be criminals and vilified by some in the public. Neither did Goetz, who is suing Canty for $1 million. In 2001, Goetz made an unsuccessful. Lawyer Ron Kuby, who represented Cabey in a civil case against Goetz, told the producers of Trial by Media that Goetz was "lionized as some sort of hero.Goetzs face and name were plastered on shirts and bumper stickers with the phrase: Ride with Bernie he Goetz 'em!. If this was Mr. Goetz's swan song, it was a highly ambiguous one, in keeping with the mysteries surrounding the act that brought him his fame: the shooting of four youths he said were about to mug him on a subway train in 1984. In so doing, jurors accepted plantiff Darrell Cabey's accusation that Goetz's actions were racially motivated. . The incident occurred after four African-American teens Troy Canty, 19, Barry Allen, 19, James Ramseur, 18, and Darrell Cabey, 19 approached Bernhard "Bernie" Goetz, then 37, on a southbound 2 train in lower Manhattan on Dec. 22, 1984. Mr. Cabey is paralyzed as a result of a second bullet that Mr. Goetz fired into him while he was already sitting bleeding in the subway car. Canty and Ramseur later testified that they were just panhandling and had asked Goetz for$5. The teens he shot have faced decades of problems, including incarceration and drug addiction; one died from a drug overdose in 2011, on the 27th anniversary of the subway shooting. He doesnt even question what happened. 2 train. Starting with the Goetz trial, the law of self-defense changed, so that defense lawyers had to prove that any reasonable person also would have felt their clients' actions were necessary. Even before he turned himself in and his identity was known, Goetz had become an instant folk hero and was compared to Charles Bronson's vigilante character in Death Wish. "This was great fun for about a week," Mr. Canty's lawyer, Scott H. Greenfield, said. . And like many before him, Zimmerman was ultimately acquitted in the case. Barry Slotnick, who represented Goetz in the criminal case, says the initial comparison between the two subway shootings is obvious. Another name that came to mind was George Metesky, known as "the Mad Bomber." From. How Palm Springs ran out Black and Latino families to build a fantasy for rich, white people, 17 SoCal hiking trails that are blooming with wildflowers (but probably not for long! He completed a year's probation. They survived, but with serious injuries. The jury unanimously agreed to award Cabey a total of $43 million, $18 million over the next 10 years. In the criminal trial, the jury found that Goetz had acted in self defense and was guilty only on charges related to having an unlicensed firearm. It was Mr. Goetz against the group his lawyers called "the predators" and "the gang of four. A look at the four young men shot by Bernhard Goetz in 1984: Darrell Cabey, 30, lives with his mother in Bronx public housing. The press even dubbed him the Subway Vigilante and compared him to Charles Bronsons character in the 1974 movie Death Wish. In the film, Bronson plays a New York City architect who takes matters into his own handsafter a brutal attack on his wife and daughter. Amostly white jury acquitted Goetz of attempted murder and first-degree assault charges. -Interviews with Troy Canty and James Ramseur, two of the teen-agers shot by Goetz, and Shirley Cabey, the mother of Darrell Cabey, the most seriously wounded youth. During Monday's closing arguments, lawyers on both sides took verbal shots at Goetz. (Cabey's family successfully sued . I wanted to kill those guys, he told investigators. At a United Cerebral Palsy facility in the Bronx, Cabey spends hours doing simple repetitive tasks--sometimes successfully, sometimes not, says his lawyer, Ron Kuby. Insisting that Canty was bumming money and not threatening passengers, attorney Howard Meyer said, My guy never had crimes against individuals. "I picture him just sitting there, in a regular chair." Now, Cabey ``basically needs help with everything he does . An altercation in the New York City subway; a concealed handgun pulled from its holster; shots fired; straphangers running; widespread media coverage. He has some brain damage, yes, said Goetz. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, Trump accuser says many in her generation didnt report rape, Mexico immigration agency head to stand trial in deadly fire at detention center, El Chapo sons send Mexico cartels cheap fentanyl into U.S., indictment says, Hospitals that denied emergency abortion broke the law, U.S. says. Bernhard Goetz On Death Of Man He Shot: "Sounds Like He Was Depressed", We rely on your support to make local news available to all, Early Addition: New York just bought back over 3,000 guns, Gov. Lawyer Ron Kuby, who represented Cabey in a civil case against Goetz, told the producers of Trial by Media that Goetz was "lionized as some sort of hero.Goetzs face and name were plastered on shirts and bumper stickers with the phrase: , The National Rifle Association were among the groups that attempted to brand him as a folk hero. He is paralyzed and spends much of his time watching television. Like Goetz, shooter George Zimmerman claimed he shot the 17-year-old Martinin self-defense, invoking Florida's "Stand Your Ground" law. The Subway Vigilante: Bernard Goetz and the case that divided a crime-ridden New York, Just days before Christmas 1984, a crime-ridden New York City would become captivated by the hunt for "The Subway Vigilante," who turned out to be Bernard Goetz. As the "Trial By Media" episode shows, the teens, who had all been arrested in the past for minor offenses, were almost immediately assumed to be criminals and vilified by some in the public. But a decade after the subway gunman opened fire, his three other victims have moved on--two of them to state prison. The Good Book, like Shirley and her son Darrell, remains where it was when the letters arrived 10 years ago--in an apartment in a South Bronx housing project. The officers were heavily criticized and charged with murder, but were were ultimately acquitted on all charges. And God has been with me since day one. Bernie Goetz remains in Greenwich Village, Darrell Cabey in the South Bronx. His lawyer and family say that he suffered brain damage when. ABC will also show what it calls exclusive video of Cabey in his hospital bed, shot by Cabey's brother. They saw him as a vigilante standing up in the face of the 14,000 subway crimes that happened each year, about 38 every day. . If Darrell cant remember what happened, his mother cant forget. ". The day after the shooting, the New York Post published an editorial that addressed the gunman: "The editors and reporters of this newspaper understand your anger and frustration. We endure the same fear and anger that exploded in you Saturday.". Goetz said they were robbing him; the men said they were panhandling. It is possible that Justice Stephen Crane may rule that Cabey is incompetent to testify. Jen Chung is a former WNYC and Gothamist editor. It was a case that wouldn't seem out of place today. Zimmerman also styled himself as a somethingof a vigilante. So far, Groomes, the shooter, has only faced questioning. The boys, concealing screwdrivers, planned to visit a video arcade, where they hoped to steal quarters. Link your TV provider to stream full episodes and live TV. Nine years after a criminal jury accepted Bernhard H. Goetz's argument that he fired his famous shots in self-defense, a civil jury in the Bronx rejected that claim yesterday and ordered him to pay $43 million to the man he left paralyzed by gunfire on a downtown Manhattan subway train. Accused "subway vigilante" Bernhard Goetz, who shot four young black men whom he believed were intent on robbing him on the subway, is surrounded by newsmen in New York, 1987. Questions surrounding vigilantism and racial profiling are again atthe forefront of a national conversationfollowing the highly publicized shooting of, while running through a mostly white neighborhood in Glynn Countyin February after a white father and son, Gregory McMichael, 64, and Travis McMichael, 34. believed he was a burglar. Shirley Cabey saved all the letters--the ones that called her son a nigger, that wished the boy had died, that threatened his life if he survived the gunshot that sliced through his spine. Diallo'sdeath once again raised racial tensions in New York. In April 1996, in a civil courthouse in the Bronx, the unjust saga of Bernhard Goetz finally came to a close. Sign up forOxygen Insiderfor all the best true crime content. When Goetz boarded the subway car, they approached him and demanded he give them $5. Goetztold investigators that he'd bought a gun in Florida and illegally transported it to New York City after he was violently mugged by three teens four years before the subway shooting, and had applied for a New York gun permit as a result but was rejected. But the Goetz case could prove even more relevant to the Borough Hall shooting, should a grand jury decide to indict Groomes. She just imagines he is a normal 30-year-old, sitting in a chair. The 25-year-old black Georgia man was shot to death while running through a mostly white neighborhood in Glynn Countyin February after a white father and son Gregory McMichael, 64, and Travis McMichael, 34 said theybelieved he was a burglar. Disenchanted with the city where he has earned both notoriety and a $43 million debt, Bernhard H. Goetz announced through his lawyer yesterday that he is leaving town, perhaps for good. Cabey was paralyzed from the waist down, fell into a coma, suffered irreversible brain damage. He claimed to have shot one of the teens more than once because he thought hedidnt seem hurt enough the first time. He is due out of jail on June 28, 1995, unless additional disciplinary problems extend his time. was portrayed as a murderous racist during the trial, had acted recklessly and without justification in shooting Darrell Cabey, now 30. The details arent important to Shirley Cabey, whose son was instantly crippled. "Other than both happened on the subway, there are no comparisons," he said by email. I wanted Darrell to go back to school and finish up, Cabey says of her son, breaking years of silence, to do whatever hes capable of doing. On Dec. 22, 1984, four black teens approached a white man on a New York City subway trainand either asked for or demanded money. Hes taken it very well, the whole thing, said Mrs. Cabey. New York's subway gunman, having endured twelve years that included a criminal trial, eight months in prison, worldwide publicity, and civil lawsuits, was told by a jury of non-whites to pay $43 million to Darrell Cabey, one of the four black hoodlums who tried to rob him. As for the Borough Hall shooting, details are still emerging. He also confessed to telling one of the boys, "You seem fine, here's another." Climate change sparks disaster fears. I want the jury to see what that bullet did, Kunstler said. When Darrell Cabey, James Ramseur, Troy Canty, and Barry Allen boarded the same train Goetz was on in 1984, Goetz claimed they boxed him in and demanded $5. 7:15 PM EST, Fri December 23, 2011. SCOTUS Now Just Another Congressional Committee, Secret Chinese Police Stations in Europe Are 'Tip of the Iceberg', Trump's Attorney Just Blew Carroll Rape Case, King Charles Says Royals Require 'Acting Ability', Ukraine Will Regain 'Significant Territory' From Russia, Florida GOP Paves the Way to Help Ron DeSantis Challenge Trump. 2 train and sat on the long Plexiglas bench. His vocabulary is limited. His death forced the family from its home in Queens to the projects, where Mrs. Cabey forbade her six children from having friends over for fear the visitors would return to rob them. There are different accounts of the shooting and how many times each man was shot, but the bottom line is that all four of them were hospitalized, two in critical condition. Darrell Cabey would later admit in an interview that the four were indeed intending to rob Goetz. Goetz would later recount how, after the teens approached him on a southbound 2 train at around 14th St., he visualized the pattern in which he'd fire off rounds, then methodically proceeded to do so. His soapbox preaching rebounded against him . Then he said the lines that prosecutors would jump on in court: "I wanted to kill those guys. However, both sides admitted that Goetz, a self-employed electronics expert, doesn't have much money because of what he has spent on his legal defenses. ", The trial of the subway shooter Bernhard Goetz that ended yesterday was a mirror image of the one that polarized New York in 1987. But I'm not sure it was him. There's a value in seeing the victim of this shooting, said Westin. According to the New York Times, Goetz purchased the gun after he was mugged by three youths in 1981. So did the lives of Darrell Cabey, Troy Canty, James Ramseur, and Barry Allen. In the years since, Goetz has appeared on Larry King Live and Aftermath with William Shatner, claiming that his shooting incident led to major changes in the way New York City addressed crime which is partially true. Goetz would later say it was the grin on Canty's face and the look in his eyes that made Goetz feel afraid. "He's a nerd, a geek, a peckerwood, a cracker," Hoffman said. Goetz's vigilante hero persona may have helped him at thetrial for the shooting. THE headlines last week after Bernhard Goetz was found liable in the 1984 subway shooting of a Bronx teen-ager extracted a straightforward meaning from the case: Mr. Goetz, the world was told, had been ordered by a Civil Court jury to pay Darrell Cabey $43 million. In April 1996, Darrell Cabey won a civil lawsuit against Goetz and was awarded $43 million by a Bronx jury. A police spokesman corroborated the mugging and said it was handled by a mediator. According to the New York Times, in the statements made after he turned himself in, Goetz said he feared being beaten to a pulp by the men and then admitted, My intention was to murder them, to hurt them, to make them suffer as much as possible. Did you encounter any technical issues? Sharpton, who also became an advocate for Diallo, spoke out against the officers' acquittal and linked the shooting to police brutality. Cabey was awaiting trial for an armed robbery committed two months before he was shot, but the charges were later dropped because of his poor health. He ran his neighborhood watch and often monitored people he deemed to be suspicious. Create a free profile to get unlimited access to exclusive videos, breaking news, sweepstakes, and more! . The criminal case that followed, and the national debate it stirred, raised questions about self-defense, vigilantism, and race that have been eerily echoed numerous times in the decades since. Reading from the trial transcript (111K AIFF sound or 111K WAV sound), Hoffman reminded the jury of what Cabey told newspaper columnist Jimmy Breslin in a 1985 interview. This led the NRA to openly support Goetz, raisingmoney for him and askingthe governor to pardon him, according to a 1987.
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